Operators in C++

Operators in C++ are symbols that perform specific operations on operands (values or variables). They are essential for building expressions and controlling the flow of your program.

Types of Operators

1. Arithmetic Operators:

   • Addition (+)

   • Subtraction (-)

   • Multiplication (*)

   • Division (/)

   • Modulus (%)

2. Relational Operators:

   • Equal to (==)

   • Not equal to (!=)   

   • Greater than (>)

   • Less than (<)

   • Greater than or equal to (>=)

   • Less than or equal to (<=)

3. Logical Operators:   

   • Logical AND (&&)

   • Logical OR (||)

   • Logical NOT (!)

4. Bitwise Operators:

   • Bitwise AND (&)

   • Bitwise OR (|)

   • Bitwise XOR (^)

   • Bitwise NOT (~)

   • Left shift (<<)

   • Right shift (>>)   

5. Assignment Operators:

   • Assignment (=)

   • Addition assignment (+=)

   • Subtraction assignment (-=)

   • Multiplication assignment (*=)

   • Division assignment (/=)   

   • Modulus assignment (%=)

   • Bitwise AND assignment (&=)

   • Bitwise OR assignment (|=)

   • Bitwise XOR assignment (^=)

   • Left shift assignment (<<=)

   • Right shift assignment (>>=)   

6. Conditional Operator:

   • Ternary operator (? :)

7. Member Access Operators:

   • Dot operator (.)

   • Arrow operator (->)

8. Increment/Decrement Operators:

   • Pre-increment (++)

   • Post-increment (++)

   • Pre-decrement (--)

   • Post-decrement (--)

Example Program

#include <iostream>
using namespace std;

int main() {
    int a = 10, b = 5;
    float c = 3.14;

    // Arithmetic operators
    cout << "a + b = " << a + b << endl;
    cout << "a - b = " << a - b << endl;
    cout << "a * b = " << a * b << endl;
    cout << "a / b = " << a / b << endl;
    cout << "a % b = " << a % b << endl;

    // Relational operators
    cout << "a == b: " << (a == b) << endl;
    cout << "a != b: " << (a != b) << endl;
    cout << "a > b: " << (a > b) << endl;
    cout << "a < b: " << (a < b) << endl;
    cout << "a >= b: " << (a >= b) << endl;
    cout << "a <= b:    " << (a <= b) << endl;

    // Logical    operators
    bool x = true, y = false;
    cout << "x && y: " << (x && y) << endl;
    cout << "x || y: " << (x || y) << endl;
    cout << "!x: " << !x << endl;

    // Conditional operator
    int max = (a > b) ? a : b;
    cout << "Maximum value: " << max << endl;

    // Increment/decrement operators
    int i = 5;
    cout << "++i: " << ++i << endl;
    cout << "i++: " << i++ << endl;
    cout << "--i: " << --i << endl;
    cout << "i--: " << i-- << endl;

    return 0;
}

This program demonstrates the usage of various operators in C++ and their corresponding outputs.